Fasteners

Common bolt & screw shapes

Standard	Note	Equivalent standards
ISO 4014	Hex bolts with shank / partial thread	DIN 931
ISO 4017	Hex bolts with full thread (up to the head)	DIN 933
ISO 4762	Cylindrical hex-socket head, partial thread	DIN 912
DIN 6912	Like DIN 912 / ISO 4762 but with a thinner head
GB 2672	Torx ‘pan head’ screws. Popular in China in small sizes and A2 stainless steel
ISO 10642	Countersunk hex-socket head	DIN 7991
DIN 571	Hex head wood screw
ISO 7050 C	Countersunk cross-head tapping screw, sharp point	DIN 7982 C
ISO 7050 F	Countersunk cross-head tapping screw, blunt point	DIN 7982 F

Notes:

A -TX suffix to the standard for hex-socket head bolts (eg. DIN912-TX) indicates Torx (ISO 10664) is used instead of the standard hex socket.
Likewise, the -H and -Z suffixes indicate the type of cross drive, H for Phillips, Z for Pozidriv.

For a more complete overview of screw drive shapes please see:

Standard	Note	Equivalent standards	Image
ISO 4032	The ‘garden variety’ nuts	DIN 934
ISO 4035	Thinner version of the standard nuts	DIN 439
ISO 10511	Most common ‘nyloc’ type of locknut	DIN 985
ISO 2982	Lock nuts commonly used for bearings (see below), axles or, spindles	DIN 981, CSN 023630	{img}
DIN 557	Square nut
DIN 562	Thin square nut

A short list of standard thread sizes. All sizes are in mm unless otherwise specified.

Below table shows common metric thread sizes with coarse pitch, matching most nuts and/or bolts available on the market.

Below table shows standard metric fine thread sizes for KM type lock nuts.

To summarize this in one short and memorable phrase:

Do not use serrated lock washers. Use nyloc nuts (nuts with a nylon retaining insert) with a normal washer.

The below video illustrates this better than any words could:

Note that neither serrated washers nor nyloc nuts should be re-used, but in general practice nyloc nuts also fare better after re-use.